The Times Of Central Asia | Eurasian Publication & News Online

Kazakhstan and the UAE Elevate Strategic and Economic Partnership

UAE Investor to Inject $1.1 Billion into Astana Aerotropolis Project

Features

Russia's War

Opinion: The Ukraine-Russia Peace Talks Need Multiple Platforms for Negotiations

Rukhshona Khakimova

UN Official Urges Tajikistan to Release, Retry Woman Convicted of Treason

EU-Uzbekistan Cooperation

Uzbekistan and EU Discuss €12 Billion in New Projects

Organized Crime

Bulgarian Spy Ring Sentenced: Questions Linger Over Possible Unprosecuted Crimes and Future Threats

Oil Market

Slippery Slope: How Falling Oil Prices Threaten Kazakhstan’s Energy Giant

With global oil markets in flux and prices dipping below $70 per barrel, Kazakhstan’s state oil company faces mounting financial strain. If KazMunayGas (KMG) fails to adapt, it risks edging toward a fiscal cliff. Yet, political constraints, exacerbated by the ongoing specter of potential social unrest, have hindered the company’s...

Corruption

Former Head of Astana Metro Project Detained in Turkey

Kazakhstan’s National Security Committee (KNB) has confirmed the detention of Talgat Ardan, the former head of the Astana Light Rail Transit (LRT) project, in Turkey. Ardan, who had been placed on an international wanted list, is accused of embezzling significant budgetary funds allocated for the capital’s metro system. Legal proceedings...

Start-ups

Central Asia Startup Cup: A Call for Regional Unity Through Innovation

There has been a significant growth in tech events in Central Eurasia throughout the last few years. Several years back you would only see these on a national level, it is hard to find something that isn’t regional these days. There is the Central Eurasian Venture Forum, the largest regional...

Gurbanguly Berdimuhamedov

L’Étranger: Paris Hosts the Reclusive Leader of Turkmenistan

Sunkar Podcast

Repatriating Islamic State Fighters and Families: Balancing Security and Humanity

00:00 / 00:00

Opinions

Business & Economy

Geological Exploration

Kazakhstan to Expand Geological Exploration Area by One-Third by 2026

Kazakhstan plans to increase its geological exploration area by one-third by early 2026, according to Margulan Baibatyrov, Deputy Chairman of the Geology Committee under the Ministry of Industry and Construction. Baibatyrov made the announcement during an international mining congress. President Kassym-Jomart Tokayev previously highlighted this initiative at the October 2024 meeting of the Foreign Investors Council, noting that geological exploration currently covers approximately 1.6 million square kilometers. He instructed that this figure be expanded to 2.2 million square kilometers. “By 2026, we plan to increase the area of geological exploration by 680,000 square kilometers,” Baibatyrov confirmed. Investment and Resource Development...

Trade Routes

The Abu Dhabi-Kazakhstan Connection

Import

China Becomes Largest Importer of Kyrgyz Honey

Airports

UAE Investor to Inject $1.1 Billion into Astana Aerotropolis Project

Oil Market

Slippery Slope: How Falling Oil Prices Threaten Kazakhstan’s Energy Giant

EBRD

EBRD Downgrades Kazakhstan’s 2025 GDP Forecast

The European Bank for Reconstruction and Development (EBRD) has revised its 2025 GDP growth forecast for Kazakhstan downward, from 5.2% to 4.9%. The adjustment was published in the bank’s May regional economic outlook. According to the EBRD, the downward revision is largely due to Kazakhstan’s GDP growth in the first quarter being driven primarily by higher oil output at the Tengiz field. While this expansion has supported short-term growth, the bank questions the sustainability of oil production as a long-term driver, particularly under current OPEC+ production limits. Oil Output and Constraints Tengizchevroil (TCO), the operator of the country’s largest oil...

EU-Uzbekistan Cooperation

Uzbekistan and EU Discuss €12 Billion in New Projects

On May 13 in Tashkent, President Shavkat Mirziyoyev met with Eduards Stiprais, the European Union’s Special Representative for Central Asia, according to the presidential press service, with the two sides reviewing the outcomes of the first Central Asia-European Union Summit, held in Samarkand in April, and discussing ways to implement its decisions. Expanding Strategic Cooperation The talks focused on strengthening both bilateral and regional partnerships, with particular attention to advancing investment and technical cooperation initiatives valued at €12 billion. The parties also exchanged views on key regional developments and discussed plans for upcoming joint events. Economic ties between Uzbekistan and...

Airports

Kyrgyzstan Begins Construction of New Jalal-Abad International Airport

On May 13, President Sadyr Japarov laid the foundation stone for a new international airport in Jalal-Abad, Kyrgyzstan’s third-largest city. The new airport will span over 380 hectares and include a two-story passenger terminal covering 10,000 square meters, with the capacity to handle 350 passengers per hour. Its airfield infrastructure will meet international standards, featuring a 3,800-meter runway and six aircraft parking bays. The facility will accommodate both passenger and cargo aircraft, including Boeing 737, Airbus A320, and A321 models. Unlike a renovation of the existing facility, the project entails entirely new construction. The current Jalal-Abad airport dates back to...

Nuclear power

Russia Launches Production of Reactor Equipment for Uzbek Nuclear Project

Russia’s state nuclear corporation Rosatom has begun manufacturing reactor equipment for Uzbekistan’s first small nuclear power plant, marking a significant step in bilateral energy cooperation. The announcement was made during Energy Week in Tashkent, which runs from May 13 to 15, according to TASS. Rosatom’s facility in Saint Petersburg has completed the first steel casting for the RITM-200N reactor unit, weighing 205 tons. The company noted that this casting marks the initial phase of reactor assembly. Project Overview The nuclear power plant will be built in Uzbekistan’s Jizzakh region under a contract signed on May 27, 2024. It will comprise...

Local Politics

Irrigation Water

Kyrgyz Farmers to Pay Less for Irrigation Water Following Tariff Reform

Kyrgyzstan has revised its irrigation water tariffs for agricultural land following a comprehensive review by the Water Resources Service. The analysis revealed that farmers have been significantly overpaying for water due to intermediary pricing by the Water Users Association. According to Melis Raimkulov, Deputy Director of the Water Resources Service, farmers were paying as much as 2,000 KGS ($23) per hectare, four times the actual rate of 500 KGS ($5.50). “In fact, the tariff has not changed, but now we have formalized it and calculate it based on irrigation norms,” Raimkulov explained. “According to these norms, about 1,100 cubic meters...

Traffic regulations

Issyk-Kul Authorities Launch Campaign to Improve Traffic Rule Awareness

Military

Kyrgyzstan to Unveil New Air Defense Systems at Military Parade

Tourism

Tourist Season Officially Opens in Kyrgyzstan’s Issyk-Kul

Human Rights

Turkmen Cultural Workers Fired Over Refusal to Fund Presidential TV Monitor

Victory Day

Victory Day in Central Asia: Honoring Sacrifice Amid Shifting Narratives

For the countries of Central Asia, Victory Day holds a deep significance. Although debates over the nature of the May 9 commemorations have intensified in recent years, the importance of the holiday remains unchallenged. A War That Touched Every Family Attitudes toward the celebration marking the defeat of Nazi Germany are largely shaped by each nation's level of participation in the war effort. Kazakhstan mobilized over 1.2 million people, nearly 20% of its pre-war population of 6.5 million. Of these, more than 600,000 perished at the front, with an additional 300,000 dying in the rear due to malnutrition, forced labor,...

Women's Rights

Almaty University Criticized After Female Students Told to Bow to Men

A controversy has erupted at the Kazakh National Pedagogical University (KazNPU) in Almaty after first-year female students were instructed to bow to men during an orientation session. The incident, which triggered widespread criticism, has drawn sharp condemnation on social media and reignited debates about gender roles in Kazakhstani society. According to social media posts, female students were gathered in an auditorium where they were shown a video containing behavioral "recommendations." In the footage, men of varying ages advised young women on how to conduct themselves in public, including avoiding revealing clothing, refraining from loud speech, and bowing to men as a...

Cyberattacks

Ongoing DDoS Attack Disrupts Kazakhstan’s Digital Infrastructure

Kazakhstan is experiencing a large-scale Distributed Denial of Service (DDoS) attack that is disrupting online services across government portals, banking systems, and telecommunications networks. The attack, which began earlier this week, has overwhelmed servers by bombarding them with excessive traffic, rendering critical digital infrastructure inaccessible for thousands of users. The Impact on National Systems The scope of the attack has significantly hobbled online platforms that citizens and organizations rely on for essential services. Users have reported interruptions when attempting to access online banking, state-run portals for taxes, and public resource management services. Government resources have been severely affected, whilst for...

Culture

Kyrgyzstan Proposes Closure of All Rural Libraries

Kyrgyzstan's Cabinet of Ministers has submitted a draft bill for public consultation that proposes the closure of all rural libraries across the country, citing declining readership and poor infrastructure as the primary reasons behind the move. According to the draft law, the heads of rural administrations are required to assess the operational efficiency and relevance of local libraries within three months. Libraries deemed underutilized or ineffective are to be closed, with their book collections transferred to school libraries in the same regions. The Ministry of Culture reports that Kyrgyzstan currently has 1,050 libraries: 859 rural, 9 regional, 64 district, and...

International Affairs

Russia's War

Opinion: The Ukraine-Russia Peace Talks Need Multiple Platforms for Negotiations

The proposed Istanbul meeting between Zelensky and Putin on May 15 did not take place, with no Russian ministers attending the talks Putin himself had called for, leading Zelensky to describe the Russian delegation as "phony". Hopes for peace remain, however, as other stakeholders have expressed their eagerness to support a resolution. With its unique geopolitical position as a bridge between Europe and Asia, Turkey was an obvious choice to host the negotiations. While Turkey has sought to maintain balanced relations throughout the conflict, its provision of military support to Ukraine, including drones, has complicated its image as a neutral...

Global Trade

Transit Ambitions: Kazakhstan Emerges as Key Link Between East and West

Green card lottery

Uzbekistan Ranks First Globally for Number of U.S. Green Card Lottery Winners

Infrastructure

ADB Finances 90% of Road Projects in Tajikistan’s Regions

Victory Day

Victory Day Diplomacy: Central Asia’s Balancing Act and Putin’s Diminished Spotlight

India-Pakistan Conflict

Despite Ceasefire India-Pakistan Conflict Sends Ripples Through Central Asia

Despite a recent ceasefire agreement between India and Pakistan, renewed hostilities remain a looming threat. The latest clashes between the two nuclear-armed neighbors have direct and potentially lasting repercussions for Central Asia’s political stability and economic development. Ceasefire Amid Escalation Armed conflict erupted on May 7, when New Delhi launched “Operation Sindoor,” targeting what it described as terrorist infrastructure within Pakistan. The move followed a deadly terrorist attack on April 22 in Pahalgam, Jammu and Kashmir, which killed 26 people. India accused Pakistan of complicity, a charge Islamabad rejected, condemning the airstrikes as an “act of war.” Full-scale hostilities ensued...

Agricultural cooperation

Uzbekistan Sends Over 26 Tons of Free Seed to Afghan Farmers

Uzbekistan has delivered more than 26 tons of certified agricultural seeds to Afghan farmers and agricultural organizations, according to the Uzbek Ministry of Agriculture. The donation is part of an ongoing effort to strengthen regional cooperation and reflects President Shavkat Mirziyoyev’s foreign policy priority of fostering close relations with neighboring countries. The seed shipment, provided by Uzbekistan’s Center for Seed Development, includes 5 tons of cotton seeds (sufficient for 200 hectares), 20 tons of rice seeds (for 100 hectares), 500 kilograms of mung beans (25 hectares), 187 kilograms of vegetable seeds, and 600 kilograms of melon seeds. All varieties are...

Gurbanguly Berdimuhamedov

L’Étranger: Paris Hosts the Reclusive Leader of Turkmenistan

Gurbanguly Berdimuhamedov, Turkmenistan’s longtime ruler, no longer holds the title of president; that has been passed, along with much of the public burden, to his son. He now reigns from the shadows as Hero-Arkadag (“Hero-Protector”), but he retains the ability to open doors. Nearly 14 years after his last official visit, Berdimuhamedov landed at Paris’ Orly airport last Monday. He was in France ostensibly to attend the Franco-Turkmen Economic Forum, but the visit also saw him ushered into the Élysée Palace for an audience with President Emmanuel Macron. Characteristically, his presence in Paris was kept quiet, receiving very little coverage...

Politics

India and Pakistan: A Central Asian Perspective on Two Military Giants

The new round of heavy clashes involving India and Pakistan over the disputed region of Kashmir – then settled by a bilateral adherence to a “full-scale ceasefire” – has also been a confrontation involving the players surrounding the two Asian giants. The involvement of some of them took place in plain sight: take the case of Turkey's President Recep Tayyip Erdoğan, a staunch ally of Pakistan, which sent the country a military ship and a group of fighter jets. Or China, which in recent years has invested tens of billions of dollars in Pakistan under the Belt & Road Initiative,...

Life & Culture

Construction

Afghanistan Delivers White Marble to Uzbekistan for Imam Bukhari Complex

Afghanistan has delivered 16 truckloads of white marble from Herat to Uzbekistan for use in the construction of the Imam Bukhari complex in Samarkand, according to the Surkhandarya regional administration. The marble will contribute to the ongoing development of the religious and cultural site dedicated to the revered Islamic scholar. The marble was officially transferred at the Termez International Trade Center during a meeting between Uzbek and Afghan officials. According to Uzbekistan’s state news agency UzA, the first shipment comprises 324 boxes of rare white marble, with each slab measuring 3.5 to 4 centimeters thick. Expanding Bilateral Relations Uzbekistan and...

Ecology

Kazakhstan Warns of Potential Drought Impact on Western and Southern Harvests

HPV Vaccination

Kazakh Lawmakers Advocate HPV Vaccination for Boys

Soviet-Era Spacecraft

Mysteries Remain Over Soviet Spacecraft That Reentered Earth’s Atmosphere

World War II

Kazakh Partisans Honored for Role in French Resistance

Central Asian Art

Threads of Power: Women, Heritage, and the Art of the Silk Road

From June 24 to July 10, 2025, the Minerva Association will be presenting the exhibition Weaving the History of Central Asia at the Centre Paris Anim’ Espace Beaujon. This exhibition brings together the artworks of Fatimah Hossaini and the textile creations of Beltepà, paying tribute to the women of the region through the motifs and textile skills inherited from the Silk Road. In Central Asia, weaving, embroidery, and sewing have long been passed down from mother to daughter, practiced within the home and shared among craftswomen. These domestic yet deeply skilled practices embody an often-overlooked heritage, one that is both...

Mountain Climbing

Asel Baibagysheva Becomes First Kyrgyz Woman to Climb Everest

Asel Baibagysheva has made history as the first Kyrgyz woman to reach the top of Mount Everest, the world’s highest peak. She reached the 8,849-meter summit on May 11, and safely descended to base camp the following day, planting the Kyrgyz national flag at the top of the world. Baibagysheva’s achievement was swiftly recognized by Kyrgyzstan’s leadership. On May 12, Chairman of the Cabinet of Ministers Adylbek Kasymaliyev personally congratulated her via video link. “On behalf of the President, the Cabinet of Ministers, and myself, please accept my heartfelt congratulations on this historic ascent,” he said. “Your success is an...

Healthcare

Top Kyrgyz Heart Surgeon Warns of Critical Infrastructure Shortfalls Costing Lives

Prominent heart surgeon Kaldarbek Abdramanov has issued a stark warning about the dire state of cardiac care in Kyrgyzstan, stating that thousands of lives are being lost due to the lack of adequate medical infrastructure. His urgent appeal, posted on Facebook, has sparked widespread public concern. Abdramanov emphasized that while Kyrgyz cardiac surgeons have performed more than 70,000 heart surgeries since the country’s first operation in 1959, systemic failures are now threatening the field’s progress. “Although we do not yet perform heart transplants, which is every cardiac surgeon’s dream, this is due to a lack of proper infrastructure and equipment,...

Water

Video: Meet Marziya Aitzhanova, the Woman Helping To Bring Purified Water to Shymkent

The Times of Central Asia spoke to Marziya Aitzhanova, who is helping to bring purified water to Shymkent as part of the growing number of women in management positions in New Kazakhstan. “We purify two kinds of water,” she told TCA, “one desalinated and the other chemically purified. The first goes to the boiler and turbine, and the second goes to the city for heating.” [video width="1920" height="1080" mp4="https://timesca.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/05/Конкурс-2-ролик-1.mp4"][/video]

Justice

Rukhshona Khakimova

UN Official Urges Tajikistan to Release, Retry Woman Convicted of Treason

A United Nations human rights expert has joined in calls for the release and retrial of a 31-year-old mother in Tajikistan who was convicted of treason and sentenced to eight years in prison after her research on Chinese aid to the Central Asian country allegedly aroused the suspicion of authorities. A U.N. statement described Rukhshona Khakimova as a “journalist and woman human rights defender” and said it appeared that she had not received a fair trial and may have been targeted for “legitimate human rights journalism” rather than any wrongdoing. “The case was part of a broader criminal investigation involving...

Crime

Brutal Assault on Kazakh Politician Raises Questions

Corruption

Former Head of Astana Metro Project Detained in Turkey

Economy

Tajikistan Has the Harshest Fines Relative to Income in Central Asia

Rukhshona Khakimova

Parents of Imprisoned Tajik Journalist Rukhshona Khakimova Urge Rahmon to Intervene

Social Media

Tajikistan Lifts Criminal Penalties for Social Media Likes on ‘Extremist’ Content

Tajik President Emomali Rahmon has signed a new law eliminating criminal penalties for liking or reacting to social media posts classified as extremist or threatening to public order. The president’s press office announced the amendment, which revokes part of a 2018 change to the Criminal Code. Previously, individuals could face prison sentences of 10 to 15 years for openly promoting or supporting purported terrorism or terrorist acts online. Under this legislation, more than 1,500 people have been convicted in Tajikistan, many for merely liking or commenting on posts the government deemed extremist. A significant number of those affected were believed...

Organized Crime

Bulgarian Spy Ring Sentenced: Questions Linger Over Possible Unprosecuted Crimes and Future Threats

On March 7, 2025, six Bulgarian nationals living in the UK were convicted under the Official Secrets Act 1911 for espionage and the Identity Documents Act 2010 for possessing false identity documents. Following an investigation by the Metropolitan Police Counter Terrorism Command, the Crown Prosecution Service secured sentencing on May 12. Prosecutor Alison Morgan KC argued that lengthy sentences were justified for several defendants, stating that their actions had put lives at risk and compromised national security. Ultimately, Orlin Roussev (47) received ten years and eight months, Biser Dzhambazov (44) ten years and two months, Ivan Stoyanov (33) five years...

Gas Explosion

Samarkand Issues Safety Warnings after Gas Explosion Kills Seven in Home

The Uzbek city of Samarkand is intensifying a home safety campaign following the death of seven people in what authorities call “a flash of a gas-air mixture” in a house last week. Emergency officials in the Samarkand region have said an investigation is underway into the explosion in the city on the night of May 8-9. “The kinetic impact of the flash caused the collapse of the reinforced concrete structures of the house, damaging the 1st, 2nd, and 3rd floors and the basement. There was no fire,” the regional emergency situations department said on Telegram. It reported six deaths, and...

Trump Administration

U.S. Offers $1,000 Incentive for Voluntary Self-Deportation

The U.S. Department of Homeland Security (DHS) has launched a new program offering financial and travel assistance to undocumented immigrants who voluntarily leave the United States. Announced on May 5, the initiative provides a $1,000 stipend and covers airfare for eligible individuals who arrange their departure through the CBP Home mobile app. DHS Secretary Kristi Noem described the program as a "historic opportunity" that is safer, more orderly, and more cost-effective than traditional deportation methods. According to DHS estimates, the average cost of arresting, detaining, and deporting an individual is approximately $17,121. The self-deportation program is projected to reduce these...

Environment

Ecology

Kazakhstan Declares Kentau Industrial Zone an Ecological Emergency Area

The Ministry of Ecology and Natural Resources of Kazakhstan has officially designated the industrial zone of Kentau, located in the Turkestan region, as an ecological emergency area. Minister Yerlan Nysanbayev signed the corresponding order, introducing a special legal status for a 900-hectare zone on the city's northern outskirts. Restrictions and Emergency Measures Published on the government's official legal portal, the document outlines a series of prohibitions and restrictions intended to address the long-standing environmental crisis. The status is effective until January 1, 2075, and applies to an unpopulated industrial zone. The Akimat of the Turkestan region has been directed to...

Clean Energy

As China Cuts Gas Demand, Uzbekistan Eyes Renewables Opportunity

Water

Underground Tunnel Proposed to Channel Water from Black Sea to Caspian Sea

Wildlife Restoration

Despite USAID Funding Cuts, Kyrgyzstan Plans to Reintroduce Goitered Gazelle at Issyk-Kul

Water Access

Opinion – Central Asia’s Looming Water Crisis: A Ticking Time Bomb

Environment

Two Key Environmental Initiatives Completed in Turkmenistan

Turkmenistan has marked the successful completion of two major agro-environmental initiatives aimed at enhancing natural resource management and climate change adaptation. These efforts represent significant progress in addressing environmental challenges both nationally and across the broader Central Asian region. Regional Project on Natural Resource Management The first project concluded was the second phase of the regional program titled “Integrated Natural Resource Management in Drought-Prone and Salinized Agricultural Production Landscapes of Central Asia and Turkey,” which commenced in 2018. This initiative focused on pilot sites in the Karakum Desert, the mountain village of Nokhur, and the Turkmen sector of the Aral...

Reforestation

Kazakhstan Plants Over 1 Billion Trees as Reforestation Drive Extends to 2027

Between 2021 and 2024, Kazakhstan planted a total of 1.15 billion tree saplings, according to the Ministry of Ecology and Natural Resources. The effort forms part of a sweeping national campaign aimed at reversing deforestation and mitigating climate impacts. Initially, President Kassym-Jomart Tokayev had set a target of planting two billion trees by 2025. However, the government has now extended the deadline to the end of 2027 and re-approved its Comprehensive Plan for Reforestation and Afforestation. As part of the initiative, one and two-year-old saplings of both deciduous and coniferous species are being planted across various ecosystems. Currently, 251 forest...

Green Future

Central Asia’s Green Energy Dream: Too Big to Achieve?

Although most Central Asian nations are heavily dependent on fossil fuel production and exports, they are aiming to significantly increase the use of renewable energy, hoping to eventually become crucial suppliers of so-called green electricity to Europe. Achieving such an ambitious goal will be easier said than done, given that developing the green energy sector in the region requires massive investment. What Central Asian states – struggling to attract long-term private capital into clean energy projects – need is financing for projects that modernize power networks, improve grid stability, and enable cross-border electricity flows. These upgrades are essential for large-scale...

Remembrance Day

UN Backs Earthquake Victims Day, Highlighting Uzbekistan’s Seismic History

On April 29, the United Nations General Assembly officially declared a new international observance — the International Day in Memory of the Victims of Earthquakes. The initiative, jointly proposed by Chile, the Philippines, and Uzbekistan, received widespread support from UN member states. The day will be commemorated annually to honor the victims of past earthquakes and raise awareness about seismic risks and disaster preparedness. Earthquakes remain among the deadliest natural disasters in human history, responsible for massive destruction and loss of life. Most recently, on March 28, a powerful earthquake in Myanmar claimed more than 3,700 lives. In Turkey and Syria,...

The Abu Dhabi-Kazakhstan Connection

Latest

Features

Features

Latest

Sunkar Podcast

Sunkar Podcast

Opinions

Opinions

Stephen M. Bland

Times of Central Asia

Andrei Matveev

Business & Economy

Business & Economy

Kazakhstan to Expand Geological Exploration Area by One-Third by 2026

EBRD Downgrades Kazakhstan’s 2025 GDP Forecast

Uzbekistan and EU Discuss €12 Billion in New Projects

Kyrgyzstan Begins Construction of New Jalal-Abad International Airport

Russia Launches Production of Reactor Equipment for Uzbek Nuclear Project

Local Politics

Local Politics

Kyrgyz Farmers to Pay Less for Irrigation Water Following Tariff Reform

Victory Day in Central Asia: Honoring Sacrifice Amid Shifting Narratives

Almaty University Criticized After Female Students Told to Bow to Men

Ongoing DDoS Attack Disrupts Kazakhstan’s Digital Infrastructure

Kyrgyzstan Proposes Closure of All Rural Libraries

International Affairs

International Affairs

Opinion: The Ukraine-Russia Peace Talks Need Multiple Platforms for Negotiations

Despite Ceasefire India-Pakistan Conflict Sends Ripples Through Central Asia

Uzbekistan Sends Over 26 Tons of Free Seed to Afghan Farmers

L’Étranger: Paris Hosts the Reclusive Leader of Turkmenistan

India and Pakistan: A Central Asian Perspective on Two Military Giants